Category: Cardiology
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HFpEF: overview of management of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Suggested reading: Up-to-date Overview:
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HFrEF: overview of management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Suggested reading: Up-to-date Overview:
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EKG: Tachycardia
Steps in evaluation Step one: verify tachycardia and hemodynamic stability. If unstable refer to ACLS algorithms please.  Step two: determine whether the QRS is narrow complex or wide complex Step three: if narrow complex determine whether irregular or regular rhythm Step four: if wide complex tachycardia, determine whether monomorphic or polymorphic Algorithm for the…
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How to read EKGs
Overview of Dubin’s Method for Reading EKG’s 1. RATE (pp. 65-96) Estimate using “300, 150, 100…” Bradycardia: rate = cycles/6 sec. strip × 10 2. RHYTHM (pp. 97-202) Identify basic rhythm, scan for prematurity, pauses, irregularity, abnormal waves. Check for: 3. AXIS (pp. 203-242) QRS above or below baseline for Axis Quadrant (Normal vs. R. or L. Axis Deviation).…
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EKG: Bradycardia
Here is the algorithm for bradycardia
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Heart murmurs
Murmur location Systolic vs diastolic and Murmur description Murmur grade (Levine’s grading) How to approach heart murmurs
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Edema
Edema evaluation Attendance requirements: Please see the “Guidelines” section. Objectives: Know the differential for this condition Know how to approach a patient with this condition. Know basic signs, symptoms, and treatment of other medical conditions in the differential. Required reading: Harrison’s chapter on Edema. Also, review other “student slides” below. Know the differential and work-up…
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Dyspnea
Dyspnea
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Chest Pain
Chest pain
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Prescribing of Fibrates
Comment: In large trials published in 2005 and 2010, fenofibrate did not improve cardiovascular outcomes significantly in patients with type 2 diabetes (JW Cardiol Jan 5 2006 and Mar 14 2010). Although gemfibrozil lowered rates of cardiovascular endpoints in older trials involving high-risk nondiabetic patients conducted largely before the statin era — for example, the…